The Malpensa Express connects Milan's Malpensa Airport with two train stations in the city center-Centrale and Cadorna. In the Milan metropolitan area, Trenord's suburban trains-the S lines-connect suburbs such as Rho, Novara, Varese, and Lodi with central Milan. These regional trains-the R lines- run from 6 a.m. Trenord serves cities such as Bergamo, Brescia, Cremona, Lecco, Pavia, and Milan, and even goes so far as Piacenza in Emilia-Romagna and Verona in the Veneto. The company also manages a dozen suburban lines of essentially commuter trains in the metropolitan area around Milan, and the Malpensa Express trains that connect Milan with the main airport. Most of Trenord's train routes are regional lines, connecting cities and towns throughout Lombardy. Trenord trains serve primarily destinations in Lombardy-including Milan's Malpensa Airport. It is easy for the junction to end up in a state where every train switches track, reducing the throughput to the level of single track.Trenord is the company that resulted from a merger between the state-run Trenitalia and a rail company in the Lombardy region. Simple "X" style crossovers are a bad idea. Note the use of consistent signal gaps even on the parallel track. The increased throughput comes at the cost of a larger footprint and higher complexity. This design offers higher throughput than the chained flip-flap, and minimises unnecessary track switches. See Double Track Junctions for more about this design. This simple design allows trains to switch tracks without having too much of a throughput penalty compared to fully independent tracks. When trains need to switch between two (or more) tracks in the same direction, there are two useful designs. These are discussed in Is It Worth Building KERS Stations and Thanks, I Hate It! Switching Tracks There are some alternative station designs based around KERS principles which offer slight throughput advantages (especially with JGRPP's realistic braking option). The design is also easy to expand to any number of platforms. You may also consider building this for slower trains as while it does not have a throughput advantage, it can hold more waiting trains. This also increases as it is expanded, as shown in Maglev Station Design. This station offers similar throughput to the Compact Semi-Balanced RoRo for rail vehicles, but for faster maglev trains has up to 15% greater throughput in its default 4-platform configuration. Note the positioning of the exit signals - this configuration offers a slight throughput boost having the outer signals closer to the merge. This is close to maximum saturation of single track railway (without the use of advanced clocked releases or merges). This station can typically handle a throughput of 1900 tons/month using 4-5 tile SH25 hauled trains. Compact PBS TerminusĪdding more platforms typically does not reliably increase the throughput by a significant amount, although it will allow more trains to be stored when industry production is variable. This station can typically handle a throughput of 1500 tons/month using 4-5 tile SH25 hauled trains. I call the following designs "best" as I consider them an ideal balance between high throughput, small footprint and simplicity of construction.Īll station designs operate correctly when using one-way path signals, meaning no need to switch between signal types when building or create signals trains will pass from the back. Most of the relevant science is in Can You Put A Signal After A Junction? StationsĬompact designs with short signal gaps tend to have the highest throughput. There is no need to leave gaps after a junction, or in front of a station - most of the time this will harm throughput with no other benefit. In almost all situations, keeping a consistent signal gap is the most important concern. This does not increase CPU usage over other types of signal - "path signals use more CPU" is a myth! The most important rule of signalling for high throughput is to keep a consistent signal gap. Signallingįor most networks, it is fine to use path signals throughout. So I've collected a little summary of things we've discovered. And while it's fun testing theories, scrolling through videos trying to find designs gets old fast. There's quite a bit of OpenTTD Science and as is the nature of such things, later videos will often improve upon designs featured in earlier ones.
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